Biroroshye cyane kubantu gusobanukirwa imbaraga zingirakamaro, ariko ntibyoroshye kumva byimazeyo imbaraga zidakora.Mumuzunguruko wa sinusoidal, igitekerezo cyimbaraga zidasanzwe zirasobanutse, ariko imbere yibihuza, ibisobanuro byimbaraga zidasanzwe ntibisobanutse.Nyamara, igitekerezo cyimbaraga zifatika nakamaro ko kwishyurwa ingufu zidasanzwe zirahoraho.Imbaraga zifatika zigomba kubamo indishyi zingufu zibanze zifatika nimbaraga zihuza imbaraga.
Imbaraga zifatika ningirakamaro cyane kuri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi no gukora imizigo.Inzitizi yimikorere ya sisitemu y'urusobekerane rwibanze ni inductive.Kubwibyo, kugirango wohereze imbaraga zikora, itandukaniro ryicyiciro rirakenewe hagati yohereza no kwakira, bishobora kugerwaho murwego rwagutse.Kugirango wohereze imbaraga zidasanzwe, hariho itandukaniro ryumubare hagati ya voltage kumpande zombi, zishobora kugaragara gusa murwego ruto.Usibye ibice byinshi byurusobe bitwara imizigo yoroheje, imizigo myinshi nayo igomba kurya imitwaro yoroheje.Imbaraga zidasanzwe zisabwa nibice byurusobe hamwe nimizigo bigomba kuboneka ahantu hamwe murusobe.Ikigaragara ni uko izo mbaraga zidasanzwe zitangwa na generator, kandi gutwara intera ndende ntabwo bidafite ishingiro kandi mubisanzwe ntibishoboka.Inzira yumvikana nugukora ingufu zidasanzwe aho hagomba gukoreshwa ingufu zidasanzwe, nizo ndishyi zingufu.
1. Igisobanuro cyindishyi zingufu zidasanzwe
Muri gahunda yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, kugirango dusuzume ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi, akamaro k'indishyi z'amashanyarazi zidafite ibintu bitatu bikurikira:
1. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubushobozi bwibikoresho bya gride no kongera ibikoresho bisohoka
Mugihe kugirango imbaraga zingirakamaro zidahinduka, imbaraga zumuriro wamashanyarazi ziriyongera kandi imbaraga zidasanzwe nazo zigabanuka.Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kuri formula S-√P2 + Q2 ko byanze bikunze imbaraga zizagabanuka.Kurugero, niba amashanyarazi akoresha ingufu zisaba 200kW yumuriro wamashanyarazi, naho ingufu ni 0.4, irashobora kuboneka muri COSφ = P / S, S = P / cosφ = 500kV.A, ni ukuvuga, ibintu byingufu za a transformateur isaba 500kV.A ni 0.8, ikeneye gusa gushiraho 250kV.A transformateur.Birashobora kugaragara ko uko coefficente yingufu yiyongera, ubushobozi bwibikoresho bisabwa burashobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye.
2. Niba voltage ninshuro byumurongo wamashanyarazi biri hafi guhoraho.
(A) Niba ibintu byingufu biri hafi ya 1.
(b) Muri sisitemu y'ibyiciro bitatu, niba icyiciro cya fonction na voltage voltage iringaniye.
Gukoresha indishyi zamashanyarazi kugirango zongere ingufu zamashanyarazi ntizishobora kugabanya gusa gutakaza amashanyarazi yatewe no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ariko kandi birashobora kunoza neza no kongera ingufu zabakoresha amaherezo, no kuzamura urwego rwubukungu bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Kubwibyo, indishyi zamashanyarazi zama nantaryo zabaye igice cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo gutanga no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
3. Kugirango uzigame ibiciro by'amashanyarazi
Dukurikije politiki y’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi biriho ubu mu gihugu cyacu, abakiriya bafite ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi birenze 100kV.A (kilowati) bagomba guhindura fagitire y’amashanyarazi, kandi neza iyo fagitire y’amashanyarazi iri munsi y’agaciro gasanzwe.Indishyi z'amashanyarazi zifatika zazamuye ingufu z'amashanyarazi, zigabanya cyangwa zirinda kwiyongera kw'amafaranga y'amashanyarazi kubera ingufu nke, kandi yazigamye amafaranga y'amashanyarazi.
4. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ihazabu yamasosiyete yingufu
Hamwe no gushimangira kurengera ibidukikije, amasosiyete y’amashanyarazi agenzura buhoro buhoro imyanda y’amashanyarazi y’inganda, bityo amasosiyete y’amashanyarazi atanga amande menshi kandi menshi mu masosiyete amwe.Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ihazabu y’amasosiyete y’ingufu, amasosiyete yatangiye kwimura ubushobozi kugira ngo yishyure ingufu zidasanzwe., Kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.
5. Ongera igihe cya serivisi y'ibikoresho
Ku bijyanye n’igiciro cy’umusaruro, isosiyete ikeneye kubara igipimo cyo guta agaciro kwibikoresho kugirango ibare igiciro cy’umusaruro kandi amaherezo igena inyungu y’isosiyete buri mwaka.Nyamara, ibikoresho byinshi bigomba gutereranwa kubera ibikoresho bikomeye byo kwambara no kurira kandi akenshi bigakoreshwa mumyaka 3-5, igice kinini cyacyo kikaba giterwa nimbaraga zidasanzwe.Hejuru, biganisha ku gusaza kw'ibikoresho, bityo ibigo byinshi kandi byinshi bitangira kwishyura ubushobozi bwindishyi kugirango byongere ubuzima bwibikoresho.
Icya kabiri, uruhare rwindishyi zamashanyarazi
Igikorwa cyinama yinzibacyuho yingufu zamashanyarazi nugutanga ingufu zikenewe ukurikije ibikoresho byindishyi zamashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi.Ibidukikije bitanga amashanyarazi, kuzamura ubwiza bwa gride.
Inama y’indishyi y’amashanyarazi ifite uruhare runini mu gutanga amashanyarazi.Gukoresha igikoresho cyindishyi zifatika birashobora kugabanya igihombo cyamashanyarazi.Ibinyuranye, guhitamo no gukoresha nabi bishobora gutera ibintu bitandukanye nka sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi, ihindagurika rya voltage, hamwe no kwiyongera.
Indishyi zingufu zingirakamaro nugukoresha isoko yo hanze kugirango yishyure ingufu zidasanzwe zikoreshwa numutwaro mugihe ukora.Igikoresho gitanga isoko yiki gihe gihinduka ibikoresho byindishyi zingufu.Igikoresho gisanzwe cyindishyi nubushobozi buringaniye.
1. Kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi no gutwara ibintu, kugabanya ubushobozi bwibikoresho, no kugabanya gukoresha amashanyarazi
2. Kunoza ireme ryogutanga amashanyarazi nuburyo ibikoresho bikora birashobora kwemeza ko ibikoresho bikora mubihe bisanzwe byakazi, bifasha umusaruro muke.
3. Zigama amashanyarazi, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, no kugabanya fagitire y'amashanyarazi.
4. Irashobora kugabanya gukoresha umurongo wumurongo no kunoza amashanyarazi.
5. Hindura voltage yumurongo wakira na gride yamashanyarazi, kandi uzamure ubwiza bwamashanyarazi.Imbaraga zidasanzwe zidasanzwe Indishyi zingufu zingirakamaro kumwanya ukwiye wumurongo wa interineti ndende urashobora kunoza ituze rya sisitemu yohereza no kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza.
6. Kubireba imitwaro itaringanijwe yibyiciro bitatu nka gari ya moshi zifite amashanyarazi, imizigo ikora neza kandi idakora mubyiciro bitatu irashobora kuringanizwa nindishyi zidakwiye.
3. Ihame ryindishyi zamashanyarazi
Huza igikoresho gifite umutwaro wamashanyarazi nubushobozi bwumuriro wamashanyarazi kumurongo umwe, umutwaro wa inductive ukurura ingufu mugihe umutwaro wa capacitive urekura ingufu, naho umutwaro wa capacitif ukurura ingufu mugihe umutwaro wa inductive urekura ingufu, kandi imbaraga zisaranganywa hagati ya imitwaro ibiri ihanahana hagati.Muri ubu buryo, ihame ryindishyi zidasanzwe ni uko imbaraga zidasanzwe zinjizwa nu mutwaro wa inductive zishyurwa n’ingufu zituruka ku mutwaro wa capacitive.
Muri sisitemu yimbaraga nyazo, imizigo myinshi ni moteri idafite imbaraga, kandi umuzenguruko uhwanye nibikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi harimo na moteri ya asinchronous bishobora gufatwa nkumuzunguruko aho r r na inductance l bihurirana, kandi imbaraga zabyo ni
Muri formula
Nyuma yo guhuza imirongo ya R na L ibangikanye hanyuma ikayihuza na capacitor C, umuzenguruko werekanwa mumashusho (a) hepfo.Ikigereranyo kigezweho cyuyu muzunguruko ni:
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku gishushanyo cya fasor ku gishushanyo kiri hepfo ko itandukaniro ryicyiciro hagati ya voltage U nubu nubu ndaba muto nyuma yuko capacitor ihujwe kuburinganire, ni ukuvuga, ibintu byingufu zumuriro w'amashanyarazi byiyongera.Muri iki gihe, icyiciro cyogutanga amashanyarazi ndasigaye inyuma ya voltage U, bita indishyi.
Igishushanyo cyumuzingi na fasor igishushanyo mbonera cya capacitance indishyi imbaraga zidasanzwe mumashusho
(a) imirongo;
(b) Igishushanyo cya Phasor (indishyi);
(c) Igishushanyo cya Phasor (indishyi zirenze)
Ubushobozi bwa capacitor c nini cyane, kandi icyiciro cyibiryo byigaburo I ndenze voltage u, ibyo bita indishyi zirenze urugero, kandi igishushanyo cyacyo cya fasor cyerekanwe mubishusho (c).Mubisanzwe, imiterere yindishyi zirenze urugero zizatera voltage ya kabiri ya transformateur kuzamuka, kandi capacitive reaction reaction izongera igihombo cyamashanyarazi nkumurongo wamashanyarazi.Iyo voltage y'umurongo w'amashanyarazi izamutse, gutakaza ingufu za capacitor ubwayo nabyo biziyongera, kandi ubushyuhe buzamuka., bizagira ingaruka kubuzima bwa capacitor.
4. Kuki dukeneye kongera indishyi zingufu zidasanzwe, kandi ni izihe ngaruka?
Umubare w'indishyi z'amashanyarazi ziyongera wiyongera mugihe runaka muri gride y'amashanyarazi, kandi amashanyarazi aturuka kumirongo yose ihuza imirongo hamwe na transformateur kuva aho bigeze kugeza amashanyarazi aragabanuka, kandi gutakaza amashanyarazi bifitanye isano niyi ngingo biragabanuka, kumenya kuzigama amashanyarazi no kuzamura ingufu.
Indishyi zingufu zingufu zisaba indishyi zishyizwe hamwe kubukungu butemewe.Hitamo aho indishyi n'ubushobozi bw'indishyi.Ukoresheje ingufu z'amashanyarazi, abakiriya barashobora gukora indishyi zamashanyarazi bakurikije ihame ryo kuzamura ibintu.Isaranganya ry'indishyi ribanza gusuzuma ibisabwa kugirango amabwiriza agenga voltage atume intera ndende itemewe.Indishyi Iboneza ry'ibikoresho byateganijwe hakurikijwe ihame ry "indishyi zingana, uburinganire bwaho" kugirango tumenye ko hari imitwaro itemewe.
Indishyi zingufu zisanzwe mubisanzwe ntizishaka kurenza urugero, kuko izongera ingufu za kabiri za transformateur, kandi ubushobozi bwogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kumurongo wumuriro nabwo bizongera igihombo cyamashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bihindura ingufu zidasanzwe. grid.Ibi bintu biterwa ahanini nimbaraga zidasanzwe za gride yamashanyarazi.Umuvuduko ukabije uterwa nuburenze urashobora gutera kwangirika kwinshi kuri gride, birakenewe rero ko hashyirwaho reaction kugirango ikuremo ingufu zidasanzwe.Muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, niba itaringanijwe, voltage ya sisitemu izagabanuka, kandi mugihe gikomeye, ibikoresho byangiritse kandi sisitemu izamburwa intwaro.Muri icyo gihe, kugabanuka kw'ingufu z'umuyoboro wa voltage na voltage biganisha ku kuba ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bidashobora gukoreshwa neza, kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kohereza imiyoboro, no kwiyongera kw'igihombo.Kubwibyo, bifite akamaro gakomeye kunoza ireme ryumubyigano wakazi, kunoza ibintu byamashanyarazi, kugabanya igihombo cya sisitemu, no kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-13-2023