Guhindura inshuro zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya sisitemu yo guhererekanya umuvuduko mubikorwa byinganda.Kubera imbaraga zo guhinduranya ibintu biranga inverter ikosora umuzenguruko, uburyo busanzwe bwa sisitemu yimikorere itangwa kumashanyarazi.Guhindura inshuro zikunze gukora icyarimwe nibindi bikoresho nka mudasobwa na sensor kurubuga.Ibi bikoresho ahanini byashyizwe hafi kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka.Kubwibyo rero, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byamashanyarazi bihagarariwe na frequence ihinduranya nimwe mumasoko yingenzi ahuza imiyoboro rusange, kandi umwanda uhuza ibinyabuzima ukomoka kubikoresho bya elegitoronike wabaye imbogamizi nyamukuru mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki ubwaryo.
1.1 Guhuza ni iki
Intandaro yo guhuza ni sisitemu yihariye.Iyo umuyoboro unyuze mumuzigo, nta sano ifitanye isano na voltage ikoreshwa, hamwe numuyoboro usibye sine wave itemba, bikabyara byinshi.Imirongo ya Harmonic ni integer yikubye inshuro yibanze.Ukurikije ihame ryisesengura ry’umubare w’imibare w’Abafaransa Fourier (M.Fourier), impinduka iyo ari yo yose isubirwamo irashobora kubora mo ibice bya sine harimo inshuro zifatika hamwe n’ibihuza byuruhererekane rwinshi rwinshi.Harmonics ni sinusoidal waveforms, kandi buri sinusoidal waveform akenshi iba ifite inshuro zitandukanye, amplitude, na fonction angle.Guhuza bishobora kugabanywa muburyo budasanzwe kandi budasanzwe, imibare ya gatatu, iya gatanu n'iya karindwi ni ihuza ridasanzwe, naho imibare ya kabiri, cumi na kane, iya gatandatu n'iya munani niyo ihuza.Kurugero, iyo umuyaga wibanze ari 50Hz, icya kabiri gihuza ni 10Hz, naho icya gatatu ni 150Hz.Muri rusange, guhuza bidasanzwe birangiza cyane ndetse no guhuza.Muri sisitemu iringaniye ibyiciro bitatu, kubera guhuza, ndetse guhuza byavanyweho kandi guhuza bidasanzwe gusa birahari.Kubyiciro bitatu byo gukosora imitwaro, imiyoboro ihuza ni 6n 1 ihuza, nka 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, nibindi. Urufunguzo rworoshye rwo gutangira rutera guhuza 5 na 7.
1.2 Ibipimo bijyanye no kugenzura guhuza
Igenzura rya inverter rigomba kwitondera ibipimo bikurikira: ibipimo birwanya kwivanga: EN50082-1, -2, EN61800-3: ibipimo byimirasire: EN5008l-1, -2, EN61800-3.Cyane cyane IEC10003, IEC1800-3 (EN61800-3), IEC555 (EN60555) na IEEE519-1992.
Ibipimo rusange birwanya kwivanga EN50081 na EN50082 hamwe na enterineti ihinduranya EN61800 (1ECl800-3) isobanura urwego rwimirasire hamwe nuburwanya bwibikoresho bikorera mubidukikije.Ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru bisobanura urwego rw'imirasire yemewe mu bihe bitandukanye by’ibidukikije: urwego L, nta mipaka igabanya.Irakwiriye kubakoresha bakoresha intangiriro yoroshye mubidukikije bidahuye nabakoresha bakoresha imikoreshereze yimirasire yonyine.Icyiciro h ni imipaka yagenwe na EN61800-3, ibidukikije byambere: kugabanya imipaka, ibidukikije bya kabiri.Nuburyo bwo guhitamo radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo, ifite ibikoresho bya radiyo yumurongo irashobora gutuma urwego rworoshye rutangira rwujuje urwego rwubucuruzi, rusanzwe rukoreshwa mubidukikije bitari inganda.
Ingamba zo kugenzura neza
Ibibazo bihuye birashobora gucungwa, guhuza imirasire hamwe no gutanga amashanyarazi birashobora guhagarikwa, kandi ingamba za tekiniki nko gukingira, kwigunga, kubutaka, no kuyungurura zirashobora gukurikizwa.
(1) Koresha akayunguruzo keza cyangwa gushungura;
(2) Kuzamura transformateur, kugabanya inzitizi ziranga uruziga, no guhagarika umurongo w'amashanyarazi;
(3) Koresha icyatsi kibisi gitangira, nta pulse ihumanya.
2.1 Ukoresheje gushungura cyangwa gukora muyunguruzi
Akayunguruzo ka pasiporo karakwiriye muguhindura inzitizi iranga guhinduranya amashanyarazi kumurongo wihariye, kandi irakwiriye kuri sisitemu ihamye kandi idahinduka.Muyunguruzi ifatika irakwiriye kwishura sisitemu yimitwaro.
Akayunguruzo ka pasiporo gakwiranye nuburyo gakondo.Akayunguruzo ka pasiporo kagaragaye mbere kubera imiterere yoroshye kandi isobanutse, ishoramari rito ryumushinga, ibikorwa byizewe cyane nigiciro gito cyibikorwa.Bakomeza kuba uburyo bwingenzi bwo guhagarika amashanyarazi.LC muyunguruzi ni gakondo ya passiyo yo murwego rwohejuru ihuza ibikoresho.Ni ihuriro rikwiye rya filteri ya capacator, reaktor na résistoriste, kandi ihujwe hamwe na parike yo murwego rwohejuru.Usibye ibikorwa byo kuyungurura, ifite kandi imikorere yindishyi zitemewe.Ibikoresho nkibi bifite ibibi bidasubirwaho.Urufunguzo rworoshe cyane kuremererwa, kandi ruzashya iyo ruremerewe, bizatera imbaraga imbaraga zirenze izisanzwe, indishyi nigihano.Mubyongeyeho, passiyoyunguruzo ntishobora kugenzurwa, mugihe rero, igihe cyongeweho, cyangwa imiyoboro yumutwaro ihinduka bizahindura urukurikirane rwa resonance kandi bigabanye ingaruka zo kuyungurura.Icy'ingenzi cyane, passiyo yungurura irashobora gushungura gusa ikintu kimwe cyo murwego rwohejuru (niba hari akayunguruzo, irashobora gushungura gusa icya gatatu gihuza), kuburyo niba niba ibintu bitandukanye byo murwego rwohejuru bihuza imirongo byungururwa, filtri zitandukanye zirashobora gukoreshwa mukwiyongera gushora ibikoresho.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwayunguruzo bukora mubihugu bitandukanye kwisi, bushobora gukurikirana no kwishyura indinganizo zimpanuka zumurongo utandukanye na amplitude, kandi ibiranga indishyi ntibizagerwaho ningaruka ziranga amashanyarazi.Igitekerezo cyibanze cyingufu zikorana buhanga muyunguruzi cyavutse mu myaka ya za 1960, gikurikirwa no kunoza ingufu nini, ziciriritse n’izisohoka ingufu zuzuye-kugenzura imiyoboro y’umuzunguruko, kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubugari bw’imisemburo, hamwe n’ibihuza bishingiye kuri ako kanya umuvuduko wibitekerezo byumutwaro.Icyifuzo gisobanutse cyuburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura umuvuduko byatumye habaho iterambere ryihuse ryingufu zikora amashanyarazi.Igitekerezo cyacyo cyibanze ni ugukurikirana imiyoboro iva mu ntego y’indishyi, kandi ibikoresho by’indishyi bikora umurongo w’indishyi zingana n’ingero zingana na polarite itandukanye n’umuyoboro uhuza, kugira ngo uhoshe imiyoboro y’impanuka iterwa n’umuvuduko w’imitsi. Inkomoko yumurongo wumwimerere, hanyuma ukore ikigezweho cyumuyoboro wamashanyarazi Gusa ibikorwa byibanze birimo.Igice nyamukuru nigikorwa cyo guhuza imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora, ni ukuvuga ko ikora binyuze mu buhanga bwo gutunganya amashusho ya digitale igenzura byihuse byihuta.
Kuri iki cyiciro, mubice byihariye bidasanzwe bigenzurwa, passiyeri ya pasiporo hamwe nayunguruzo igaragara byagaragaye muburyo bwo kuzuzanya no kuvanga porogaramu, gukoresha byuzuye ibyiza byayunguruzo nkibintu byoroshye kandi bisobanutse, kubungabunga byoroshye, igiciro gito , n'imikorere myiza y'indishyi.Ikuraho inenge yubunini bunini no kongera ikiguzi cyibikorwa byo kuyungurura, kandi igahuza byombi hamwe kugirango software yose ibone imikorere myiza.
2.2 Mugabanye impedance ya loop hanyuma ucike uburyo bwo kohereza
Intandaro yo guhuza ibisekuruza biterwa no gukoresha imizigo idafite umurongo, kubwibyo rero, igisubizo cyibanze ni ugutandukanya imirongo yingufu zumuzigo utanga imizigo itanga imirongo yumurongo wamashanyarazi yimitwaro yunvikana.Umuyoboro ugoretse wakozwe numutwaro utari umurongo utanga imbaraga za voltage zagabanutse kumurongo wumugozi, kandi synthèse yagoretse ya voltage yumurongo ikoreshwa mubindi bitwaro bihujwe kumurongo umwe, aho imigezi ihanitse itemba.Kubwibyo, ingamba zo kugabanya ibyangiritse byangiritse zirashobora kandi gukomeza mukwongera igice cyambukiranya umugozi no kugabanya inzitizi.Kugeza ubu, uburyo nko kongera ubushobozi bwa transformateur, kongera ubuso bwambukiranya insinga, cyane cyane kongera igice cyambukiranya insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye, no guhitamo ibice birinda ibintu nka moteri yamashanyarazi na fusi bikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa.Nyamara, ubu buryo ntibushobora gukuraho byimazeyo guhuza, ariko bigabanya ibiranga ibikorwa nimirimo yo kurinda, byongera ishoramari, kandi byongera ingaruka zihishe muri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi.Huza imizigo yumurongo hamwe numurongo utari umurongo uva kumashanyarazi amwe
Ingingo zo gusohoka (PCCs) zitangira gutanga ingufu zumuzunguruko kugiti cyawe, bityo rero hanze yumurongo wa voltage ivuye mumitwaro yihariye ntishobora kwimurwa kumurongo uremereye.Iki nigisubizo cyiza kubibazo byubu bihuza.
2.3 Koresha ingufu za zeru zidafite imbaraga zidafite umwanda
Ubuziranenge bwibipimo byicyatsi kibisi ni uko ibyinjira nibisohoka bitemba ari sine waves, ibintu byinjira byinjira birashobora kugenzurwa, ibintu byingufu birashobora gushirwa kuri 1 munsi yumutwaro uwo ariwo wose, kandi ibisohoka byinshuro yumuriro bishobora kugenzurwa uko bishakiye.Imashini yubatswe ya AC ya reverteri yumurongo irashobora guhagarika neza guhuza no kurinda ikiraro gikosora ingaruka zumuvuduko ukabije wumuriro wumuriro w'amashanyarazi.Imyitozo yerekana ko imiyoboro ihuza idafite reaktor bigaragara ko iri hejuru kurenza iyo hamwe na reaction.Kugirango ugabanye inzitizi ziterwa n’umwanda uhuza, hashyizweho akayunguruzo k'urusaku mu bisohoka bisohoka mu muyoboro uhinduranya.Iyo ihinduranya ryinshuro ryemerera, abatwara inshuro yumurongo uhinduka.Byongeye kandi, mumashanyarazi akomeye cyane, 12-pulse cyangwa 18-pulse ikosora ikunze gukoreshwa, bityo bikagabanya guhuza ibintu mumashanyarazi mugukuraho imiterere mike.Kurugero, impiswi 12, guhuza hasi cyane ni 11, 13, 23, na 25.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kuri 18 pulses imwe, guhuza bike ni 17 na 19 bihuza.
Ikoranabuhanga rito rihuza ikoreshwa muntangiriro yoroshye irashobora kuvunagurwa muburyo bukurikira:
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(2) Inzira ikosora iriyongera.Ubugari bwa pulse modulation yoroheje itangira ikoresha 121-pulse, 18-pulse cyangwa 24-pulse ikosora kugirango igabanye imiyoboro.
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.Kugeza ubu, abahinguzi benshi ba inverter baha agaciro gakomeye ikibazo cyubwumvikane, kandi muburyo bwa tekiniki butuma icyatsi kibisi mugihe cyo gushushanya, kandi bagakemura muburyo bwikibazo.
3 Umwanzuro
Muri rusange, dushobora kumva neza igitera guhuza.Kubijyanye nigikorwa gifatika, abantu barashobora guhitamo passiyeri ya pasiporo na filteri ikora kugirango bagabanye inzitizi iranga umuzenguruko, bahagarike inzira igereranije yo kwanduza imiyoboro, batezimbere kandi bashireho icyatsi kibisi gitangira nta mwanda uhuje, kandi bahindure byoroshye Ubwuzuzanye bwakozwe na intangiriro igenzurwa murwego ruto.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-13-2023